喬治·華盛頓（George Washington），首任美國總統（1789–1797），常被稱為「國父」。他在美國革命期間的領導力以及在兩屆任期後自願退休，為總統制樹立了持久的先例。約翰·甘迺迪（John F. Kennedy，1961–1963）是第35任美國總統，他以「新邊疆」的願景和太空競賽激勵了數百萬人。他處理了古巴飛彈危機，並在43歲時成為最年輕的當選總統。巴拉克·歐巴馬（Barack Obama）是第44任美國總統（2009–2017），也是首位非裔美國總統。他通過了《平價醫療法案》，監督了經濟復甦，並授權了擊斃奧薩瑪·賓拉登的行動。亞伯拉罕·林肯（Abraham Lincoln）是第16任美國總統（1861–1865），他在內戰期間維護了聯邦，並頒布了《解放黑奴宣言》。他被認為是美國歷史上最偉大的總統之一。喬治·W·布希（George W. Bush）是第43任美國總統（2001–2009），他在911事件後領導國家，發動了阿富汗和伊拉克戰爭，並簽署了重大減稅和教育改革法案。哈瑞·杜魯門（Harry Truman）是第33任美國總統（1945–1953），他做出了向日本投下原子彈的決定，建立了北約，並整合了武裝部隊，塑造了冷戰初期的局勢。隆納·雷根（Ronald Reagan）是第40任美國總統（1981–1989），他倡導保守派經濟學（「雷根經濟學」），升級了冷戰軍備競賽，並被許多人認為協助終結了蘇聯。西奧多·羅斯福（第26任美國總統，1901-1909年）是一位反壟斷者、建立國家公園的自然資源保護主義者，並因調停日俄戰爭而獲得諾貝爾和平獎。湯瑪斯·傑佛遜（第3任美國總統，1801-1809年）起草了《獨立宣言》，透過路易斯安那購地案使美國領土擴大了一倍，並捍衛宗教自由。吉米·卡特（第39任美國總統，1977-1981年）促成了《大衛營協議》並專注於人權。卸任後，他成為全球人道主義者並獲得諾貝爾和平獎。傑拉德·福特（第38任美國總統，1974-1977年）是唯一一位從未當選過總統或副總統的人。他赦免了尼克森，並幫助治癒了水門事件後的國家。富蘭克林·D·羅斯福（第32任美國總統，1933-1945年）帶領國家透過「新政」度過經濟大蕭條，並領導了二戰的大部分時期，共連任四屆。格羅弗·克里夫蘭（第22任及第24任美國總統，1885-1889年及1893-1897年）是唯一一位連任兩屆非連續任期的總統，以其誠信和否決權記錄而聞名。伍德羅·威爾遜（1856-1924年，第28任美國總統，1913-1921年）帶領美國參加第一次世界大戰，並倡導成立國際聯盟，儘管美國最終並未加入。德懷特·D·艾森豪（1890-1969年，第34任美國總統，1953-1961年）曾任二戰盟軍最高統帥，他在啟動州際公路系統的同時，也對「軍工複合體」提出了警告。切斯特·A·阿瑟（1829-1886年，第21任美國總統，1881-1885年）在詹姆斯·加菲爾德遇刺後繼任總統，並致力於推動公務員制度改革。尤里西斯·S·格蘭特（1822-1885年，第18任美國總統，1869-1877年）是帶領北方聯軍在南北戰爭中取得勝利的總司令。林登·B·強森（1908-1973年，第36任美國總統，1963-1969年）實施了包括聯邦醫療保險（Medicare）、醫療輔助計劃（Medicaid）和民權立法在內的「偉大社會」計劃，同時升級了越南戰爭。喬治·H·W·布希（1924-2018年，第41任美國總統，1989-1993年）領導聯盟在波斯灣戰爭中解放了科威特，並見證了冷戰的和平結束。比爾·柯林頓（1946年出生），美國第42任總統（1993–2001），任內經濟繁榮，簽署了福利改革法案和《北美自由貿易協定》（NAFTA），且是美國歷史上第二位被彈劾（後被宣判無罪）的總統。威廉·霍華德·塔夫脫（1857–1930），美國第27任總統（1909–1913），後來成為唯一一位既擔任過美國總統又擔任過美國最高法院首席大法官的人。夏爾·戴高樂（1890–1970），法國總統（1959–1969），在二戰期間領導自由法國運動，創立了法蘭西第五共和國，並在保持獨立性的同時將法國撤出北約軍事指揮體系。賈瓦哈拉爾·尼赫魯（1889–1964），獨立後印度的首任總理（1947–1964），是獨立運動的核心人物，也是現代印度世俗民主制度的奠基人。康拉德·艾德諾（1876–1967），西德首任總理（1949–1963），在二戰後重建國家，是歐洲一體化和北約聯盟的關鍵設計師。赫爾穆特·柯爾（1930–2017），德國總理（1982–1998），是1990年德國統一的幕後推動力，也是歐盟和歐元的關鍵架構師。維利·布蘭特（1913–1992），西德總理（1969–1974），推行「東方政策」以改善與東歐的關係，並於1971年獲得諾貝爾和平獎。法蘭索瓦·密特朗（1916–1996），法國總統（1981–1995），是第五共和國首位社會黨籍總統，也是法國歷史上任職時間最長的總統。倫納特·梅里，愛沙尼亞總統（1992–2001），是一位作家、電影製作人和外交官，在蘇聯佔領後愛沙尼亞恢復獨立的過程中發揮了關鍵作用。托馬斯·加里格·馬薩里克是捷克斯洛伐克的開國總統（1918–1935）。作為一名哲學家和政治家，他被廣泛視為「國父」，也是中歐民主的象徵。瓦茨拉夫·哈維爾，劇作家及異見人士，成為捷克斯洛伐克首位民主選舉產生的總統（1989-1992），隨後擔任捷克共和國總統（1993-2003）。他象徵著天鵝絨革命與人權倡議。萊赫·華勒沙，團結工聯領袖，後成為波蘭總統（1990-1995）。他曾是一名電工並榮獲諾貝爾和平獎，在結束波蘭共產黨統治中發揮了關鍵作用。鮑里斯·葉爾欽是俄羅斯聯邦首任總統（1991-1999）。他在1991年政變企圖期間領導了抵抗運動，並監督了蘇聯的解體。瑪麗·羅賓遜於1990年至1997年擔任愛爾蘭總統，是該國首位女性總統。她將這個基本屬禮儀性的職位轉變為推動人權的平台，隨後擔任聯合國人權事務高級專員。羅曼·赫佐克曾任德國總統（1994-1999）。他曾任法官及憲法學者，因發表著名的「震撼德國」（Ruck durch Deutschland）演講以呼籲經濟與社會改革而聞名。馬爾蒂·阿赫蒂薩里，芬蘭總統（1994-2000），是一位外交官，後來因其在包括納米比亞和科索沃在內的國際衝突調停工作而榮獲諾貝爾和平獎（2008）。維格迪絲·芬博阿多蒂爾曾任冰島總統（1980-1996），是世界上第一位民主選舉產生的女性國家元首。她致力於推廣文化、語言保護及環境議題。海因茨·菲舍爾曾任奧地利總統（2004–2016）。作為一名社會民主黨人和憲法律師，他以冷靜、致力於建立共識的風格以及對歐洲一體化的關注而聞名。達利婭·格里包斯凱特於2009年至2019年擔任立陶宛總統，因其對俄羅斯的強硬立場和對波羅的海安全的捍衛而被譽為「鐵娘子」。弗拉尼奧·圖季曼是獨立後克羅埃西亞的第一任總統（1990–1999）。他從前共產黨將軍轉變為民族主義者，在南斯拉夫內戰期間領導克羅埃西亞走向獨立。蘇珊娜·恰普托娃於2019年就任斯洛伐克總統。她曾是一名環境律師和反腐敗活動家，是該國首位女性總統，也是進步變革的象徵。You scored 0 out of 40You scored 1 out of 40You scored 2 out of 40You scored 3 out of 40You scored 4 out of 40You scored 5 out of 40You scored 6 out of 40You scored 7 out of 40You scored 8 out of 40You scored 9 out of 40You scored 10 out of 40You scored 11 out of 40You scored 12 out of 40You scored 13 out of 40You scored 14 out of 40You scored 15 out of 40You scored 16 out of 40You scored 17 out of 40You scored 18 out of 40You scored 19 out of 40You scored 20 out of 40You scored 21 out of 40You scored 22 out of 40You scored 23 out of 40You scored 24 out of 40You scored 25 out of 40You scored 26 out of 40You scored 27 out of 40You scored 28 out of 40You scored 29 out of 40You scored 30 out of 40You scored 31 out of 40You scored 32 out of 40You scored 33 out of 40You scored 34 out of 40You scored 35 out of 40You scored 36 out of 40You scored 37 out of 40You scored 38 out of 40You scored 39 out of 40You scored 40 out of 40
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從革命性的開國元勳到現代的先驅者，世界各國的總統以其難忘的面孔和遺產塑造了歷史。這個測驗結合了美國的指標人物與其他國家的著名總統。覺得你能叫出所有人的名字嗎？讓我們來看看你的歷史知識到底有多敏銳！